Understanding Transformers

The Foundation of Modern AI Language Models

Interactive visualization for DATA4800 & DATA5000

What is a Transformer?

Business Problem

How can we process sequences of text to understand context and generate meaningful responses?

Traditional Approach

  • Process words sequentially (RNN/LSTM)
  • Limited context window
  • Slow training and inference
  • Difficulty with long-range dependencies

Transformer Approach

  • Process all words in parallel
  • Attention mechanism for context
  • Fast training and inference
  • Excellent at capturing relationships

Key Concepts

  • Self-Attention: Allows model to focus on relevant parts of input
  • Positional Encoding: Provides word order information
  • Multi-Head Attention: Multiple attention patterns in parallel
  • Feed-Forward Networks: Process attended features
Transformer Architecture

Click "Show Data Flow" to see how data moves through the transformer

Self-Attention Mechanism

Example Sentence

"The student opened their book"

The
student
opened
their
book

Click on any word to see attention weights

How Self-Attention Works

  • Query (Q): What information am I looking for?
  • Key (K): What information do I contain?
  • Value (V): What information should I provide?
  • Attention Score: Q × K / √d_k (scaled dot-product)
Real Example: Customer Review Analysis

Business Case: E-commerce Review Classification

Input Review: "The product quality is poor and delivery was late"

Real-world application: Automatically categorize customer feedback for support teams